介绍北京导游词（精选15篇）

介绍北京导游词 篇1

Dear ladies and gentlemen, children

hello everyone!

I'm Sheng Zexi, today's tour guide. You can call me Xiao Sheng. Today weare going to visit the temple of heaven, which is one of the world famouscultural heritages. Today, I'm very happy to enjoy its beautiful scenery andarchitecture with you, and have a good time together. I wish you all have a goodtime!.

The temple of heaven is the place where the emperors of Ming and QingDynasties worship heaven. It was first built in 1420 (the 18th year of Yongle inMing Dynasty), and then after continuous expansion, it was built in Qianlongperiod of Qing Dynasty. Since its completion, it has been a special altar forthe emperor to worship heaven. It lasted for 490 years until the end of the 1911Revolution and the end of the feudal monarchy. It also completed its mission. Itwas turned into a park in 1918 and has been "visited by others" ever since. In1957, it was listed in the first batch of historical and cultural relicsprotection units in Beijing. In 1961, it was listed in the first batch ofnational key cultural relics protection units by the State Council.

The temple of Heaven Park, with an area of 2.05 million square meters, hasfour groups of ancient buildings: qigutan, yuanqiutan, zhaigong and Shenle

Building group, there are 92 ancient buildings, more than 600. It is thelargest and most complete ancient architecture group in the world. There aremore than 3500 ancient pines, cypresses and locusts in the temple of heaven,which are more than hundreds of years old. The temple of heaven is not only thealtar of ancient Chinese emperors, but also the crystallization of China's longculture of offering sacrifices to heaven. Its magnificent architecture, greenancient trees and rich cultural relics collection record not only theexpectation and hope of ancient Chinese ancestors, but also the wisdom,fatalness and decay of feudal emperors.

Dear tourists, our tour today is coming to an end. I'm very happy to spendthis wonderful time with you. If you are not satisfied with my tour guide today,please criticize and correct me. Thank you!

介绍北京导游词 篇2

Beijing is a national historical and cultural city with a history of 3000years. Beijing used to be the capital of Six Dynasties in history. In more than20__ years since the state of Yan, many magnificent palace buildings have beenbuilt, making Beijing the city with the largest number of imperial palaces,gardens, temples and tombs and the richest content in China. Among them, theImperial Palace in Beijing was called the Imperial Palace in the Ming Dynastyand the Forbidden City in the Qing Dynasty. It used to be the imperial palace ofthe Ming and Qing Dynasties, and lived in 24 emperors. The magnificent buildingsperfectly reflect the traditional Chinese classical style and Oriental style. Itis the largest existing palace in China and even the world, and is a preciouscultural heritage of the Chinese nation. The temple of heaven is famous both athome and abroad for its reasonable layout and exquisite construction

Siheyuan is the general name of the traditional northern houses with themain house, inverted seat house and east-west wing house around the middlecourtyard. Beijing siheyuan, originated from the courtyard style houses of YuanDynasty, is the most important residential building in old Beijing. The narrowalleys between the green tile and grey brick quadrangles are the famous oldBeijing Hutong.

The religious temples in Beijing are all over the capital. The existingfamous ones are: Fayuan temple, Tanzhe Temple, Jietai Temple, Yunju temple,Badachu temple, etc. The White Cloud View of Taoism. Beijing Niujie worshipTemple of Islam, etc. Tibetan Buddhism (Lamaism), such as the Yonghe temple, theCatholic Xishiku Catholic Church, Wangfujing Catholic Church, etc. There aremany Christian churches, such as gangwa city church and Chongwenmen church.

The central axis of Beijing refers to the central axis of Beijing in yuan,Ming and Qing Dynasties. The urban planning of Beijing has the characteristicsof symmetry with the palace city as the center. The central axis of Beijingstarts from Yongdingmen in the South and ends at Zhonggulou in the north, about7.8 km long. From south to north are Yongdingmen, Qianmen Jianlou, Zhengyangmen,Zhonghuamen, Tiananmen, Duanmen, Wumen, Forbidden City, shenwumen, Jingshan,Di'anmen, houmenqiao, Gulou and bell tower. From Yongdingmen, the south end ofthe central axis, there are Tiantan, xiannongtan, Taimiao, sheji altar,Donghuamen, xihuamen, Andingmen and Deshengmen, which are symmetricallydistributed along the central axis. Mr. Liang Sicheng, a famous Chinesearchitect, once said: "the unique magnificent order of Beijing is produced bythe establishment of this central axis." Yongdingmen, Zhonghuamen and Di'anmenwere demolished after the founding of the people's Republic of China. In recentyears, Yongdingmen tower has been rebuilt.

介绍北京导游词 篇3

Dear tourists, we are now here to Tiananmen Square, the largest city centersquare in the world, with an area of 440000 square meters. Moreover, thegeographical location of Beijing in the world is determined by the longitude andlatitude of the square (east longitude: 116 ° 23 ′ 17 ″, north latitude: 39 ° 54′ 27 ″),. It is located in the center of Beijing and has been watching thehistorical changes of Beijing since ancient times. In the Ming Dynasty, it wasonce called chengtianmen square. There was a T-shaped square. Of course, it isno longer there. In the Qing Dynasty, it was changed to Tiananmen Square. Afterthe revolution of 1911, Tiananmen Square became the best gathering place formass movements. The famous May 4th movement, the 129 student movement and so ontook place here. The most famous event here, I believe you all know, was thefounding ceremony on October 1, 1949, when 300000 people gathered here tocelebrate the founding of new China. After liberation, the T-shaped square wasdemolished and large buildings such as the monument to the people's heroes, theGreat Hall of the people, the history museum and the revolutionary museum werebuilt. In 1976, after the death of the president, the memorial hall of thepresident was built on the original position of the Chinese gate, thus formingthe architectural pattern of the square today. In the 50th anniversary of thenational day, Tiananmen Square has undergone a series of renovation, making thesquare more beautiful, spectacular and clean. You must be looking forward to theTiananmen Square I described. It doesn't matter. I will introduce it to you oneby one in the next tour.

During the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty, it was called Chengtian was just a wooden archway, which means "to carry out the transportation fromheaven, to be ordered by heaven". However, it was burned down in the MingDynasty. Later, the city building with nine wide faces and five deep faces wasbuilt, which truly reflected the emperor's respect of 95. But at the end of MingDynasty, it was destroyed again. During the reign of emperor Shunzhi of the QingDynasty, after the reconstruction of the city tower, it was renamed Tian'anmen,the other three imperial city gates were renamed dai'an, and the three mainhalls of the Forbidden City were renamed dai'he, which reflected the good wishesof internal and external security. This is what we are looking at now. It iscomposed of three parts: the foundation, the platform and the tower. The base iswhite marble xumizuo, which is the highest level base in ancient China, with aheight of 1.59 meters. The platform is 14.6 meters high. And the double eaves ofthe city tower rest on the top of the mountain, which was also the highest levelof the temple roof at that time. The whole building is 33.7 meters high. After70 years of renovation, it has risen by one meter.

This is a very high-grade building, and its role is also very important. Inthe Ming and Qing Dynasties, whenever there was a national ceremony, theceremony of "Jinfeng imperial edict" was held on the city tower. After theimperial edict was announced, a wood carved Golden Phoenix was put on the yellowsilk thread machine. The Golden Phoenix carried the imperial edict down thewall. The officials of the Ministry of rites caught it with a cloud tray, andthen put it into the Dragon Pavilion to praise the Ministry of rites, and thenpromulgated it. )And whenever the emperor went out of the palace to sacrifice,this was the only way. The most important moment for new China was also bornhere. The chairman solemnly announced the founding of new China on the TiananmenGate Tower, and personally angered the first five-star red flag of new portrait of the chairman on the city floor is replaced every year before thenational day.

The river in front of Tiananmen tower is called Jinshui River. Then why isit called Jinshui River? Because this river is drawn from the northwest ofBeijing, and in the Yin Yang and five elements, the West belongs to Jin and theNorth belongs to water, so this river is named Jinshui River, and the sevenwhite jade bridges on the river are Jinshui bridge. The two bridges next to themare called Gongsheng bridge, which correspond to the Taimiao temple and thesheji altar, which are now the Cultural Palace of the working people andZhongshan Park. The one in the middle is the royal road bridge, which isspecially used by the emperor and queen. The two bridges beside it are royalbridges, which are used by the royal princes. The two bridges beside them aregrade bridges, which can only be passed by officials above grade three.

In front of Jinshui bridge, there is a stone lion on the left and one on the left is the master, and the one on the right is the lioness. Howcan we tell the male from the female? Because the male master's foot is on thehydrangea, while the female lion is the cub. Now in order to protect thecultural relics, the lions have been fenced up. There were a pair of Huabiaobefore and after Tiananmen Square. In fact, the original name of Huabiao was FeiMu. It was set up by the emperor to show that he could accept and acceptopinions, and gradually evolved into today's Huabiao. The monster at the top ofit is called Hou. The one on the North China watch is called wangjunchu, whichmeans to let the emperor go out of the palace to observe the people's one on the south end is called wangjungui, which means that the emperorshould not be nostalgic for the world outside the Palace, but should go back tothe palace in time to deal with government affairs.

Now please turn back. Behind us is Tiananmen Square. In the Ming and QingDynasties, it was T-shaped, with a north-south royal road in the middle. On bothsides of the royal road, there were Qianbu corridor, with 110 corridors on bothsides. On the south side of Chang'an Street, with the red wall extending to theEast and West, there were 34 corridors, so Qianbu corridor had 228 corridors. Atthe southernmost end of the imperial Road, damingmen was in the Ming Dynasty,but it was changed to daqingmen in the Qing Dynasty; The gates on the East andwest sides are Chang'an left gate and Chang'an right gate, which are also calledLongmen and Humen respectively. After the scientific examination, Huang Bangannounced in the left gate of Chang'an that the Jinshi in the examination wouldenter the imperial city from here, so they are called Longmen. The reason forHumen is that after the frost falls every year, the imperial court has toexamine the prisoners, and the prisoners who are examined and approved are takenout of the right gate of Chang'an, which is tantamount to falling into thepalace Hukou is called Humen. These are all related to the five elements.

In ancient China, there was a saying of "wendongwuxi", so on the East andwest sides of qianbulang is the location of Wufu Liubu. On the east side of thesquare, the area around the present history museum is basically the centralcivilian organs, while on the west side, that is, the area around the Great Hallof the people, are the five army governor's office and the secret service royalguards. In order to facilitate these officials to enter the Imperial City, anorth-south gate, donggongsheng gate and xigongsheng gate, were built outsideLongmen Humen.

Now we can't see the trace of that time. Instead, we have modern buildingswith more historical significance and political characteristics.

On the west side of the square is the Great Hall of the people. It startedconstruction in October 1958 and lasted for one year. It was completed beforethe National Day in 1958, covering an area of 171800 square meters. The wholebuilding is like a "mountain". The highest point in the center is 46.5 meters,which is the highest building in Tiananmen Square. The great hall is dividedinto three parts: in the center is the auditorium of the ten thousand people'sCongress, with a total area of 36000 square meters and 10000 seats. There is ahuge red five pointed star on the top of the auditorium, giving off 70 to 70rays of light. The decoration layout of the whole dome is not only magnificent,but also a symbol of the unity of the people around the Party Central Committee;in the north is the banquet hall, with a total area of more than 7000 squaremeters, which is the largest banquet hall in China; In the south is the officebuilding of the National People's Congress, which includes the conference hallsof 37 provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the centralgovernment, such as Chongqing hall, Hong Kong hall, etc.

In the northeast of the square is the Museum of the Chinese revolution,which was officially opened to the public on July 1, 61. The main exhibits arerevolutionary materials since the May 4th movement, and the contents of theexhibits in the museum are extremely rich. Southeast of the square is theChinese history museum. Its predecessor is the Beijing History Museum. In 26, itwas changed into the National History Museum. Four years later, it was changedinto the Beiping History Museum of Academia Sinica. In April 34, it was changedinto the Preparatory Office of the Central Museum and the Beiping HistoryMuseum. Its exhibits cover more than 300000 pieces of cultural relics, coins,pictures, etc. with thousands of years of history from the slavery society ofXia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties to the end of Qing Dynasty.

Facing the Tiananmen Gate Tower is the monument to the people's rding to the resolution of the first plenary session of the Chinese people'sPolitical Consultative Conference in September 49, the monument to the people'sheroes was built in Tiananmen Square. More than 240 design schemes werecollected from the whole country, and three schemes were selected. Finally, itwas decided that Liang Sicheng's design scheme should be taken as the main one,and the other three schemes should be integrated. That's what we see was officially built, completed in 58.4 and ceremoniously unveiled in5.1. The 100 ton core stone was transported from Qingdao to Beijing. After aseries of processing and carving, the finished product is 14.7 meters high, 2.9meters wide, 1 meter thick and weighs 60 tons. The body of the stone is composedof 413 pieces of granite. The base of the stele is composed of more than 17000pieces of granite and white marble, covering an area of more than 3000 squaremeters.

The front of the monument faces Tiananmen Square and is inlaid with goldplate. The chairman wrote "the people's heroes are immortal". On the back is a158 character inscription drafted by the chairman and written by Premier Zhou(over the past three years, the people's heroes who died in the people'sLiberation War and the people's revolution are immortal) Over the past 30 years,the people's heroes who died in the people's Liberation War and the people'srevolution are immortal, which dates back to 1840 years. Since then, in order tofight against internal and external enemies, strive for national independenceand people's freedom and happiness, the people's heroes who died in previousstruggles are immortal. There are eight reliefs around the pedestal, 2 metershigh and 40.68 meters long. From the East, the order is: Humen tobacco, thedestructed opium, the Wuchang movement, the 54 Movement, the May 30 movement,the Nanchang uprising, the Anti Japanese War, and the victory across the both sides of the victory crossing, there are two decorative patterns, whichare: supporting the front line and welcoming the people's Liberation Army. Thereare 180 characters in all the reliefs.

To the south of the monument to the people's Heroes is the chairman'smemorial hall. The construction of the memorial hall started on November 24,1976, and it took only six months to complete. Officially opened on the firstanniversary of the chairman's death. In front of the north gate of the memorialhall are two groups of clay sculptures, both of which are based on revolutionaryepics. The South Gate of the main building is to inherit the will of thepresident and show the confidence of the people of all ethnic groups. The 30 redflags outside the South Gate represent 30 provinces and autonomous regions inChina. The platform foundation of the memorial hall is built with jujube redgranite from the Dadu River. Around the foundation stone are stones from MountEverest and water from the Chinese Taiwan Strait. The main building of the memorial hallis composed of three parts: one enters the stele hall, facing a three meter highstatue of the chairman, where commemorative activities are held; one enters fromthe golden Phoebe gate on the south side of the North Hall, where the chairman'sbody is placed; the South Hall is on the south side of the hall, where thechairman's poem "Manjianghong" is engraved. On the East and west sides of thethree halls are the rest hall and the memorial room of the old the memorial room of Deng Xiaoping has been added.

Behind the chairman's memorial hall is the main gate of the inner city,Zhengyang gate. In the past, Zhengyang gate was the tallest building in thecountry, which meant that the LORD was in the sun, the sun was in the sky, andall nations were looking forward to it. Now it's the only complete preservedtower and arrow tower in Beijing.

In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the traffic hub between Xicheng andNancheng was Qipan street. Now it is probably located in the square between thechairman's memorial hall and Zhengyangmen tower.

In fact, Tiananmen Square also has a very famous landscape, which is theflag raising and flag lowering ceremony. Tens of thousands of people come towatch the ceremony every day. Zeng Liansong, the designer of China's nationalflag design, is the first national flag maker. This super large national flag ismore than 5 meters long and 3 meters wide. At the founding ceremony, thepresident personally raised this national flag, which symbolizes the birth ofnew China.

The original flagpole base of Tian'anmen Square was closed, which made itinconvenient to raise and lower the flag, and the equipment was old. So the newbase and flagpole were rebuilt on February 25, 1991. The plane of the new baseis three layers. The first layer is made of white marble, and there arepassageways all around. The second layer is reddish brown granite, whichsymbolizes the red of the people. The third layer is green belt, whichsymbolizes the prosperity of the socialist motherland. In addition, there are 56golden copper separation piers around, which symbolize the unity of 56nationalities hand in hand and heart in heart under the national flag.

The new flagpole is made of seamless steel pipe made by Shougang. It isdivided into four sections, weighing 7 tons and 32.6 meters high. It will notrust in 20 years.

The flag raising and lowering ceremony should be held on the first day ofevery ten days or important national celebrations, and the flag raising andlowering ceremony should also be held on other days. Every day, the time ofraising the flag is based on sunrise, and the time of lowering the flag is basedon sunset. The national anthem is played. During festivals, the military bandplays live, while at ordinary times, the recording is played. If you areinterested, you can also watch this important landscape at your convenience.

介绍北京导游词 篇4

Hello, everyone. Have you ever been to Beijing?

What's the weather like in Beijing?

Beijing's cold weather is not to see the sun outside, what to see? Look atthe wind! As long as the wind blows, the weather will be relatively cold. What'sthe wind blowing in winter? What's the wind blowing in summer? The primaryschool teacher said that southeast wind blows in summer and northwest wind blowsin winter. Please remember. A student stood up and said: No, my mother said thatshe married my father and drank all year round

You choose to come to Beijing at the end of October. Generally speaking,the time is very good. It's neither cold nor hot. It's an ideal tourist seasonin Beijing. As the saying goes: in good travel time, meeting a good guide is akind of happiness; in good travel time, meeting a poor guide is a kind ofsadness. It's a sigh to meet a good tour guide in a bad travel time; it's a kindof helplessness to meet a poor tour guide in a bad travel time. I hope we have agood time to travel, and I hope I am a good guide.

I'd like to introduce myself. My family name is Li and my name is r you met me, I wish you good luck every day. Li is Muzi Li. You can call medirector Li, but don't call me director Li. You can also call me Xiao Li, butdon't add Zi. Xiao Li is Li Lianying, the eunuch next to Empress Dowager ch is an incomplete man. Besides being thin, the function of other parts ofhis body is quite normal. I was born on December 26. What's the specialsignificance of this day? My mother's birthday is also on this day, and myemperor Taizu's birthday is also on December 26. My emperor Taizu is ChairmanMao Zedong. I want to have the same birthday as a great man. I can't be worse inmy life. But after living for more than 20 years, I found that I'm not tall, notshort, not fat, not thin, not old, not tender, and so on So far, no miracle hashappened to me, but it doesn't matter. As the saying goes, height is not thedistance, weight is not the pressure, age is not the problem, so I still have toconfidently take everyone's activities in Beijing these days.

In addition to taking you on a tour, we also have a master in charge of ourtransportation. Our master has more than ten years of driving experience. Heusually receives deputies to the National People's Congress, and receives VIPguests and athletes during the Olympic Games. There has been no accident formore than ten years. He is very professional and safe. During our time inBeijing, we have master _ _ driving for us. We have to work hard for him in thenext few days. Let's give him some applause first!

Although the roads in Beijing are very broad now, Beijing, as the capital,has many people and cars, and the traffic condition is not very good most of thetime. During our travel time, there may be traffic jams or people waiting forthe bus. I hope you can understand.

People live on food. When they come to Beijing, the first thing they shouldpay attention to is eating. When they come out, they won't be as comfortable asthey are at home. Especially when they join a tour group, they should beprepared: the tour group meal in Beijing is very bad. What is despair? Despairis two dishes served in a restaurant, Eat the first one: "is there anythingworse in the world?" eat the second one "Kao! It's really there!" although thegroup meal is bad, it's still quite hygienic. You can rest assured to eat principle is to have enough food, eight dishes and one soup, and all therice. When you see that the food is not enough, drink the soup quickly. If wedon't have enough to eat, we can see the mountains far away and have a pot ofsteamed bread. If you come back to China for tourism in the future, if thenumber of people is small, you should try not to arrange group meals by travelagencies. You'd better have what you want (for Hong Kong and overseasChinese).

Next is the accommodation. Beijing is the capital, the political andcultural center. People come and go very frequently, so hotels of the same levelin Beijing are not as good as those in other places. Then it gives a briefintroduction of the hotel (such as stars, how far to the airport, how far to therailway station, how far to Tiananmen Square). In the evening, when we go backto the hotel, we should pay attention to rest. When we go shopping, we are notfamiliar with the place, so we should not go too far. The three things you mustdo when you come to Beijing are climbing the Great Wall, eating roast duck andwatching acrobatics. I think we have arranged to climb the great wall and eatroast duck in our itinerary, but we haven't arranged to watch acrobatics. I'mvery sorry. About in the Neolithic age, Chinese acrobatics had sprouted. Soacrobatics has a history of more than 20__ years in China. Diving, rings andother sports in our Olympic Games are all evolved from acrobatics. Trampoline,which was officially an Olympic event in 20__, is also evolved from a's trampoline won two Olympic gold medals in 20__ Beijing Olympic ese people can be proud to announce to the world that we can't do football,we can't do track and field, we can't do swimming pool, but we can't do it inbed! Chaoyang theater is the only designated theater for external performance inBeijing. During the Olympic Games, all foreign leaders came to China to watchacrobatic performances. Modern acrobatics combined with sound, color, light andother advanced elements are more gorgeous and exciting than traditionalacrobatics. It really reflects the brilliance of one minute on stage and tenyears off stage. Almost all the performances have won awards in theinternational arena, so we are visiting Beijing During this period, acrobaticsis absolutely not to be missed if you have time in the evening. If you don't go,you will be sorry, but you will be shocked.

The most important thing to come to Beijing is to visit. Apart fromclimbing the Great Wall, eating roast duck and watching acrobatics, what elsecan we play? Generally speaking, we can enter Guangzhou to watch cars, fly toGuilin to watch mountains, go to Xi'an to watch tombs, visit Beijing to watchwalls, pass Tianjin to watch docks, visit Qinghai to watch the source, visitTibet to watch Buddha's head, visit Nanjing to watch stones, visit Shanghai towatch people's heads drunk, visit Shanghai to watch people's heads;Unforgettable Hangzhou girl. What you see in Beijing is the top of the wall,that is, the most important thing is the history and culture left over from theancient capital. If you join this tour group and meet guide Xiao Li, you are ina Beijing history and culture crash course, so you should listen to mecarefully. Can't get on the car to sleep, get off the car to pee, take photos ofscenic spots, go home and ask nothing. Especially when there are many touristsin Beijing, adults look at their heads and children look at their buttocks, sowe should play with me, hold the hand of the guide, and travel together inBeijing!

Beijing is the capital of Liao, Jin, yuan, Ming and Qing Dynasties, thelast five feudal dynasties in Chinese history. Its design and planning embodiesthe highest achievement of ancient Chinese urban planning, and is known as "thegreatest individual project of human beings on the surface of the earth". Weshould not only look at the history, but also the modern development of let's briefly introduce the situation of Beijing.

Beijing covers a total area of 16808 square kilometers and is divided into18 districts. Beijing is surrounded by Hebei Province. From the map, HebeiProvince surrounds the whole of Beijing, and it is not far from Beijing

Chengde Mountain Resort is the largest classical Royal Garden in China. In1984, it was rated as one of the top ten scenic spots in China. In 1994, it waslisted in the world heritage list. It is very worth seeing. If we can arrange itsometimes, we should go there for a day or two.

The terrain of Beijing is high in the northwest and low in the southeast,which is in line with the artistic conception of an ancient poem that a riverflows eastward. Beijing plain accounts for 1 / 3, mountain accounts for 2 / e are more than 16 million permanent residents in Beijing, more than 4million people from other places, and more than 20 million people live in onethird of the plain. Therefore, the traffic pressure just mentioned is veryheavy.

To this end, Beijing has made great efforts to improve the trafficenvironment. The cost of bus is also very cheap. Basically, one yuan is enoughfor taking the bus, and 20% or 40% discount can be given for those with buscard. We work in the suburbs because it's expensive to rent or buy a house inthe urban area. Although it's cheap to take the bus, it takes a long time. Weneed to get up early in the morning to go to work. Sometimes it only takes 30minutes to do a business in the urban area, but it takes two hours to come bybus, and it takes two hours to go back, so one day is spent on the bus. Becauseof the long journey, we usually have to take the bus home from work, so thenightlife in Beijing is not very rich. Talk about the four idiots in Beijing:eat lobster, go shopping to Yansha, sing and love flowers, and go home afterwork. The poor go home after work, the drunkard go home at 9, the luster go homeat 11 and the gambler go home at 2-3.

The starting price of a taxi is 10 yuan for 3 km, and 2 yuan per km after 3km. In addition to improving the above ground transportation, we should focus onthe development of the subway. The cost of the subway is also very cheap. Itcosts 2 yuan to get through. As long as you don't go out of the subway door, youcan take a ride for a day, so as to stimulate the reduction of private cars,reduce road congestion, improve air quality and environmental protection. Butthe rich should buy a car or buy a car, and the poor should take what kind ofcar, so we should not climb, compare, and be angry with ourselves in our dailylife; eat less salt, be jealous, play less mahjong, and take more walks; sleepon time, get up on time, and do boxing and aerobics.

Good health is really good. According to official statistics, the averagelife span of Beijingers has reached 80 years old. Before the reform and openingup, it was 60 years old. Why? With the improvement of living standards, Chinesesociety is developing, and Beijing is developing. In the past, only the emperorcan eat, but now ordinary people can also eat the palace flavor. In the past,the emperor can wear silk, but now ordinary people can buy it, too The jadebrought by the emperor is good for our health. We can also buy it now. Themedicinal materials of Tongrentang, which has a history of more than 300 years,used to be used exclusively by the royal family, especially the Empress DowagerCixi, who used to take the Wuji Baifeng pill of Tongrentang all the year we can also buy it. We can also buy the Royal Cloisonne ornaments. In short,the royal family can eat, wear and play Good health, we can do now, in additionto the emperor's harem three thousand, so many women we can't do. When we cometo Beijing for tourism, if we need to use these things or give them as gifts tofriends and relatives, they are very helpful. They can support the developmentof Beijing's tourism industry and improve our taste in life. When it comes totaste, men are divided into six grades: first-class men have a home outsidetheir home, second-class men have flowers outside their home, third-class menfind a home in their flowers, fourth-class men go home from work, fifth classmen go home from work, and their wives are not at home, sixth class men go homefrom work, and there is a man beside their wives. Women can be divided into fourclasses. First class beauties travel abroad, second class beauties ShenzhenZhuhai, third class beauties Beijing Shanghai, and fourth class beauties wait athome.

So what do we usually call a beautiful woman in Beijing? The older one iscalled sister, the older one is called aunt, and the younger one is called rally speaking, men are called elder brother, and the elderly are calledelder brother. Children are called children. But pure Beijingers, that is, oldBeijing, call girls girls girls instead of girls. I don't call a beauty abeauty, but a honey. Call him or not, call him ya. I don't care if you call meinside. Call a woman a woman, not a woman. Call a man a man, not a man. Call afriend porcelain instead of a friend. A lover is not called a lover, but an ace.I don't call a little girl a little girl, but a girl.

This is Beijing's address, Tianjin's address is more special, for example:there are people calling sister, not sister, anyway, no matter how old you are,even if you are only a teenager, there may be 50 or 60 years old people callingyour sister, not sister. There are those who call big brother, but not brothersor brothers. Even an elderly grandmother will call a young man in her 20s bigbrother, but she won't call brothers. Some call uncle, but not uncle. That is tosay, no matter what is your father's ranking at home, you should call his otherbrothers uncle, and your father's younger brother is not uncle. In a word, it'sbasically shouting. That's what Tianjin is called. Tianjin is called the backgarden of Beijing. During holidays, Beijingers will drive there for jin is more than 100 kilometers away from Beijing, and the whole journey isonly two hours to Tianjin. If we have time, we can play one more city by the waywith little fare.

The road we are taking now is the capital airport expressway, which wasbuilt in 92 and opened to traffic in 93. The capital airport expressway is 18 kmlong, with 34.5 m wide subgrade and 6 lanes in both directions. There are 3 mwide emergency parking belts on both sides of the road. It is fully closed andinterchange. The design speed is 120 km / h. The starting point is takes 10 minutes from Sanyuanqiao to the Capital International essway pavement structure layer, the introduction of foreign asphaltmodification technology, in the ordinary asphalt mixed with plastic or rubber,change the high temperature and low temperature stability of asphalt, make itnot soften at 60 ℃ high temperature, not brittle at minus 30 ℃ low temperature,but also enhance the anti-wear ability, reduce noise, greatly extend the servicelife. The use of modified asphalt, which is the first in domestic highwayconstruction. The capital airport expressway costs 100 million yuan perkilometer, which is known as the first road to China. No matter how old anofficial or ordinary person you are, you have to enter Beijing from thisexpressway.

Usually when we talk about Beijing, where is it called Beijing? Accordingto the official regulations, the third ring road is called Beijing. Sanyuanqiao,the starting point of our airport expressway, connects the third ring road. Whatis "three yuan"? The imperial examination system is called "three yuan". Thefirst place of the provincial examination, the imperial examination and theimperial examination is Jieyuan, Huiyuan and the number one scholar. One afteranother, he won the first place in the provincial examination, the generalexamination and the palace examination, which is called Lianzhong ng the Qing Dynasty as an example, the whole process of imperial examinationin the old days started from the grass-roots level of government, prefecture andcounty, which was called children's examination. Those who enter for theexamination are called Tong Sheng, and those who pass the examination are calledXiucai. The first one is called desk. The formal higher level nationalexamination is called the local examination, which is held in the provincialcapital. The examinees are scholars from all over the country. After passing theexamination, they are called Juren, and the first place is "Jieyuan"; the nexthigher level is the joint examination, which is held in the Ministry of examinees are Juren, and after passing the examination, they are calledGongsheng, and the first place is "Huiyuan"; The imperial examination was heldin the palace. The emperor personally presided over the examination. Thecandidates were Gongsheng, who were called Jinshi after winning the imperial examination system in ancient China has a history of more than onethousand years, in which 17 people were able to connect the three yuan.

介绍北京导游词 篇5

Beijing is located at 39 ° 56 ′ N and 116 ° 20 ′ E. It is located at thenorthwest end of the North China Plain, in the west, North and northeast. It issurrounded by Taihang Mountain (West Mountain), Jundu mountain and Yanshanmountain, which makes it look like a "bay", so it has been called "Beijing bay"since ancient times.

Beijing, the capital of the people's Republic of China, is the center ofpolitics, culture, transportation, tourism and international exchanges. The cityconsists of 11 districts and 7 counties. The total area is 16800 squarekilometers, of which the urban area covers 1040 square kilometers. Thepopulation is 11.5 million. Beijing is the first of the four municipalitiesdirectly under the central government in China.

Beijing has a north temperate continental monsoon climate with fourdistinct seasons. Spring flowers, autumn moon, summer rain and winter snow arethe different characteristics of each season. No matter when you come to Beijingfor sightseeing, you will have charming wind colors. Beijing has shorter springand autumn, longer summer and winter. January is colder, the average temperatureis - 4.7 ℃, July is slightly hot, the average temperature is 26.1 ℃. The averageannual rainfall is 650 mm and the frost free period is 180 days. It has aprominent geographical location, magnificent mountains and rivers, fertile landand rich products, so it has always been regarded as the treasure land ofChina.

Beijing has a written history of more than 3000 years and a long history ofurban construction. As far back as 700000-500000 years ago, this is thebirthplace of human ancestors, and Peking man has been breeding in Zhoukoudianand other places in southwest Beijing. In 586 BC, the state of Yan, the Marquisof the Zhou Dynasty, established its capital here, named "Ji". From then on, thename of "Yanjing" has been passed down to the present. After the third centuryB.C., it was an important northern town in the Qin, Han, Sui and Tang the beginning of the 10th century, the Qidan people in Northeast Chinaestablished the Liao Dynasty and took it as the capital, Nanjing. In 1125, theNuzhen nationality rose, destroyed the Liao Dynasty and built the Jin officially established its capital, named Zhongdu, and built 36 luxuriouspalaces. The central capital was in the area of Guang'anmen today, but it wasdestroyed in 1215. In this year, the Mongols in the north of China movedsouthward, successively destroyed the Jin Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty,which avoided Hangzhou, and unified China. In 1267, the Yuan Dynasty rebuilt thecapital city with the JinDynasty Daning Palace (now Beihai Park) as the center,and renamed it Dadu, which is the predecessor of today's old Beijing city. In1368, the peasant uprising army led by Zhu Yuanzhang overthrew the Yuan Dynastyand established the Ming Dynasty. The capital of the Ming Dynasty was located inNanjing, which was renamed Beiping. In 1403, Zhu Di won the throne, moved hiscapital to Peking, and changed its name to Beijing. After 15 years ofconstruction, the Forbidden City was completed in 1420 and the capital wasofficially moved to Beijing in 1421. In 1644, the Qing army entered the pass,the Ming Dynasty perished, and the Qing Dynasty also established its capital inBeijing. Each dynasty has established its capital here for more than 800 r the founding of new China in 1949, the old Beijing gained a new life andwas determined as the capital of new China.

The ancient city of Beijing, after the great creation of the working peopleof the past dynasties, has left a splendid culture of the Chinese nation. Thearchitectural layout of the whole city takes the Forbidden City as the centerand runs through an 8 km long central axis from south to north. Before and afterthe dynasty, zuozu and YouSHE (Taimiao and sheji altar); the streets arevertical and horizontal, the temples are brilliant; the temples are magical, thegardens are magnificent; the rivers and lakes are winding, the scenery ispicturesque. The whole city has both plane layout and three-dimensional shape,which is not only a model of Chinese ancient capital, but also occupies a veryimportant position in the history of world urban construction. Beijing hasalways been famous for its rich places of interest and charming natural are the world's wonders of the Great Wall, the world's most imperial palacecomplex, beautiful classical gardens, as well as magnificent temples,mausoleums, pagodas, stone carvings and so on. Moreover, Shidu, Songshan,Longqing gorge, Shihua Cave and other natural landscapes, as well as manyhistorical sites such as the May 4th Movement in 1919, are all touristattractions that people can enjoy and forget to return.

介绍北京导游词 篇6

百花山是国家AAA级风景区，位于北京市房山区和门头沟区交界的深山中，距市区120公里，道路交通便利。森林覆盖率达90%。主峰百花山海拔1991米，白草畔海拔2050米，为北京市第三高峰。

百花山动、植物资源丰富，素有华北天然动植物园之称，有四个植被类型，十个森林群落。植物种类有110科、1100种。动物种类有170种，其中有国家一级保护动物金钱豹、褐马鸡、黑鹳、金雕，国家二级保护动物有斑羚、勺鸡。市级保护动物有50多种。

百花山环境独特，风景优美，是一个很好的旅游场所。年均气温6～7℃，七月份平均温度22℃，负氧离子含量为5级，是消夏避暑的胜地。

百花山的风景资源可分为四大景区，35个景点：百花山主峰景区、百花山草甸景区、望海楼景区、白草畔景区。这里风景独特、气候宜人，群山环抱、奇峰连绵、溪水潺潺云遮雾障、劲松森林，奇花异草，稀禽珍兽。有“百花草甸”、“百草山瀑布”、“万年冰肌”、“古树擎天”、“云顶日出”、“古石海”、“云海升腾”、“晚霞映翠”、“蚂蚁山”、“送树长廊”等著名景观。

介绍北京导游词 篇7

大家好，我是这次旅游的导游，我姓*，大家可以叫我*导!

现在快到目的地--北京天坛，所以我先给大家将一些注意事项：“礼貌、卫生、秩序、眼看手勿动、禁止乱涂乱画”这五点，记得哦!

乘客们，旅游景点已到，请大家有秩序的下车!现在我们来到了天坛的正门，这里是皇帝前来祭祀时进出的大门。现在，就让我一一地为大家介绍吧!

天坛，1998年11月被列入《世界遗产名录》。它位于北京城南端，是明、清两代皇帝祭祀天地之神和祈祷五谷丰收的地方。天坛不仅是中国古建筑中的明珠，也是世界建筑史上的瑰宝。

天坛东西长1700米，南北宽1600米，种面积为273万平方米。天坛包括圜丘和祈谷二坛，围墙分内外两层，呈回字形。北围墙为孤圆形，南围墙与东西墙成直角相交，为方形。这种南方北圆，，通称“天地墙”，象徽古代“天圆地方”之说。

以上就是天坛的故事，时间不早了，现在，大家自由参观拍照吧!--转眼间，我们的北京天坛一日游又结束了，大家有秩序的坐车回家吧!

介绍北京导游词 篇8

青龙峡位于北京市怀柔区城北20公里处，距北京三元桥75公里，是集青山、绿水、古长城于一体的自然风景区。景区占地面积150公顷，南北狭长约十余华里，雄伟的水库大坝将景区分为两个部分。

青龙峡旅游度假村位于怀柔区怀北镇著名的古长城关口大水峪关附近，南邻风光旖旎的雁栖湖，是集田园风光、山川秀色、青山绿谷、长城古貌为一体的旅游观光、度假休闲胜地。独特的塞外气候，凉爽宜人，是人们远离闹市喧哗，寻觅山水静地，回归山野自然，旅游观光度假的最佳选择。青龙峡风景区由万里长城登城游览、苍龙峡观飞龙瀑和青龙峡水上游乐三大景区组成。

介绍北京导游词 篇9

前门大街是北京非常著名商业街。位于京城中轴线，北起前门月亮湾，南至天桥路口，与天桥南大街相连。明嘉靖二十九年(1550)建外城前是皇帝出城赴天坛、山川坛的御路，建外城后为外城主要南北街道。民众俗称前门大街。大街长845米，行车道宽20米。明、清至民国时皆称正阳门大街。1965年正式定名为前门大街。

明、清至民国时皆称正阳门大街，民众俗称前门大街。1965年正式定名为前门大街。明代前门大街是正东坊和正西坊的分界线，

前门大街旧景以街中心分界，东属正东坊，西属正西坊。又因正阳门是京师正门，故前门大街一带比其他城门大街宽。在城市建制上，明北京城突破了元代所遵循的"前朝后市"的定制，正阳门周围以及南至鲜鱼口、廊房胡同一带，形成了大商业区。明朝中叶，由于商业的发达，前门大街 两侧出现了鲜鱼口、猪(珠)市口、煤市口、粮食店等集市和街道，前门大街才成为一条商业街。北京最著名的"大栅栏儿"也在其中。明嘉靖以后，各省市在京做官的人为了解决进京应试举子的住宿问题，在前门大街两厢建立了各地会馆。举人们常到前门大街来购买生活用品或饮酒作乐，这样也促使前门大街成为一条繁华的商业街道。清初把东城的灯市挪到前门一带，而且为了维护皇权的尊严，戏院、茶园、妓院只准许开设在城外，于是前门大街较前又有了进一步的繁荣。

清代大街两侧陆续形成了许多专业集市，如鲜鱼市、肉市、果子市、布市、草市、猪市、粮食市、珠宝市、瓜子市等。附近胡同内随之出现许多工匠作坊、货栈、车马店、旅店、会馆以及庆乐、三庆、华乐等戏园。大街的席棚之房逐渐改建成砖木结构的正式房，形成了东、西侧房后有里街的三条街。东侧里街为肉市街、布巷子、果子市，西侧里街为珠宝市、粮食市。前门外正街的店铺创立时间大部分晚于里街的店铺，路东有全聚德烤鸭店、便宜坊烤鸭店、会仙居炒肝店、永安堂药铺、黑猴帽店、都一处烧麦馆、正阳楼饭庄、瑞生祥、九龙斋鲜果店、通三益干果海味店、正明斋饽饽铺等。路西及西里街有永增和钱庄、瑞蚨祥绸布店、天蕙斋鼻烟店、同仁堂药铺、六必居酱菜园、一条龙羊肉馆等。

前门大街清末，前门大街已有夜市。光绪二十七年(1901)后，在前门箭楼东、西两侧设立了前门火车站东站西站，前门大街成为北京同外省联系的交通枢纽。20世纪50年代初，前门地区共有私营商业基本户800余家。前门大街东侧从北往南有大北照相馆、庆林春茶叶店、通三益果品海味店、力力餐厅、天成斋饽饽铺、便宜坊烤鸭店、老正兴饭庄、普兰德洗染店、亿兆棉织百货商店、前门五金店等店铺。前门大街 北起前门月亮湾，南至天桥路口，全长845米，仅前门大街两侧，建筑面积就共计6.6万平方米，约容纳180家商户。

广和楼又名"广和查楼"或"查楼"，是前门大街不可不看的一处景观，这里封存着老北京对梨园文化最初的记忆。广和楼建于明末，曾为京城最早最出名的戏楼，与华乐楼、广德楼、第一舞台并称为京城四大戏园。查楼本是私家花园里的戏楼，它的繁华初始于康熙年间。那时查楼已经不再是私家园林里的寂寞台榭，改成了对外营业的茶园，初名查家茶楼、查家楼，后改称广和茶楼。康熙曾到此看戏，并赐台联，一时间风光无量。改革开放以来，随着电影、电视等新潮文化"入侵"，许多老戏园在城市建设的推土机里化为灰烬，广和楼虽然有幸免于劫难，但为了维持生计，它放过电影，举办过交谊舞比赛，还一度做过游戏厅，广和楼也因此改名广和剧场。自1996年后，这里再也没有举行过京剧演出。

20世纪50年代初，前门地区共有私营商业基本户800余家。

前门大街夜景 前门大街东侧从北往南有大北照相馆、庆林春前门大街茶叶店、通三益果品海味店、力力餐厅、天成斋饽饽铺、便宜坊烤鸭店、老正兴饭庄、普兰德洗染店、亿兆棉织百货商店、前门五金店等店铺;西侧从北往南有月盛斋酱肉铺、华孚钟表店、庆颐堂药店、一条龙羊肉馆、盛锡福帽店、公兴文化用品店、祥聚公饽饽铺、龙顺成木器门市部、前门大街麻绳店、前门自行车商店、前门信托商店等店铺。1979年以后，在原有老字号商店和传统经营特色基本保留下来的同时，又陆续开设了五金交电、服装百货、自行车、食品、钟表、化工油漆等新店。前门大街悠久的历史，造就了这里的许多中华老字号，如六必居酱园、同仁堂药店、瑞蚨祥绸布店、长春堂药店、内联升鞋店、张一元茶庄，还有月盛斋的酱肉店、都一处的烧卖店等16处老字号分列道路两侧。

在鲜鱼口、打磨厂等胡同内，也是店铺、饭馆林立，不过这里已没有享有很高声誉的老字号，而是外地人在此开设的条件简陋的美容美发店、小饭馆。记者到时正值中午时分，每家饭馆都有一两个伙计站在店门口招徕过往行人，吆喝声此起彼伏。

介绍北京导游词 篇10

各位游客：

你们好，欢迎你们来到北京旅游，我是你们的导游。

从八达岭长城往南，沿著名的“关沟”直下约5公里的中间地带，就是明万里长城最负盛名的雄关之一——居庸关。居庸关自古就是今北京地区西北的屏障。

如果说八达岭是西北进入北京的第一道门户的话，这里就是第二道门户。居庸关两侧高山耸立，翠峰重迭，峭壁陡不可攀。中间一径相通，地势十分险要。成书于战国时期的《吕氏春秋》中就有“天下九塞，居庸其一”的记载。

居庸关在漫长的岁月中，虽始终是兵防重镇，却屡易其名，三国时称“西关”，北齐时改“纳款关”，唐时又先称“蓟门关”，后改为“军都关”，由辽以后经金、元、明、清至今，一直称谓“居庸关”。秦时，虽然秦始皇所修长城不经过这里，但此地已是秦军都县和居庸县的关口。到北魏时期的公元446年，这里才开始有了长城。公元555年，北齐政权所修长城也曾经过这里。此时，居庸关才真正成为长城线上的一个重要隘口。明朝建立之初，就于洪武三年(公元1370年)派开国元勋徐达修筑了居庸关关城。关城两侧的长城城墙，紧接关城向两翼山上延伸，其形如大鹏展翅。城墙随山势地形而筑，在山巅平缓处的垛口为“凹”字形，墙筑在陡峭山坡，垛口为台阶式，呈锯齿状。关城设南北二门，街长二里余，南门筑有瓮城。垛口、射洞齐备，咽喉通道穿入南北门。具有“一夫当关，万夫莫开”之险。它与明长城的倒马关和紫荆关合称为“内三关”。

居庸关云台位于居庸关城的中心，为一过街塔基座，用汉白玉砌成。建于元至元五年(公元1345年)。台上原矗立三座石制-塔，俗称“过街塔”。塔在元末明初时先后被毁。明正统四年(公元1439年)，在台上重建寺院，名泰安寺。寺又于清代康熙四十一年(公元1720xx年)被焚毁。现存塔基高9.5米，下基东西长26.84米，南北长17.57米。台顶四周安设有雕刻精美的石护栏及排水龙头。台座正中间南北各开一券门，券洞为八边折角式拱券，这是我国仅存的宋、元以前城关门洞的建筑形式。券面及券洞内雕有迦楼罗(金翅鸟)、大龙神、卷叶花等。券洞内左右两壁，刻有属于-教内容的佛教图像，如四大天王像，以大鹏、鲸鱼等六种形象组成的法相饰“六〓具”等。四大天王之间，布满了用梵、藏、八思巴、维吾尔、汉、西夏西夏六种文字刻写的佛经，以及用汉文刻写的《造塔功德记》。券洞顶部雕刻有10尊坐佛和若干小佛像，还雕刻有各种花草图案。

居庸关，是京北长城沿线上的著名古关城，"天下九塞"之一，"太行八陉"之八，国家级文物保护单位。

关城所在的峡谷，属太行余脉军都山地，西山夹峙，下有巨涧，悬崖峭壁，地形极为险要。居庸关与紫荆关、倒马关、固关并称明朝京西四大名关，其中居庸关、紫荆关、倒马关又称内三关。

庸关在北京市昌平县境内，形势险要，自古为兵家必争之地。有南北两个关口，南名“南口”，北称“居庸关”。居庸关两旁，山势雄奇，中间有长达18公里的溪谷，俗称“关沟”。这里清流萦绕，翠峰重迭，花木郁茂，山鸟争鸣。绮丽的风景，有“居庸叠翠”之称，被列为“燕京八景”之一。居庸关的中心有一个“过街塔”基座，名“云台”，取其“远望如在云端”之意。云台创建于元至正二至五年(1342一1345年)，是用汉白玉石筑成的，台高9.5米，上顶东西宽25.21米，南北长12.9米;下基东西宽26.84米。南北长15.57米，上小下大，平面呈矩形。台顶四周的石栏杆、望柱、栏板、滴水龙头等建筑，都保持着元代的艺术风格。台基中央有一个门洞，门道可通行人、车、马。云台可谓是元代一座大型的石雕艺术精品。云台上原建有三座白色喇嘛塔，可惜毁于元末明初。此后在台基上建了“泰安寺”，清康熙四十一年(1720xx年)，寺遭火焚，仅存云台。现在台顶上的柱础，就是明代泰安寺殿字的遗物。

居庸关附近，还有“仙枕石”、“五郎庙”、“六郎寨”、“弹琴峡”、“望京石”、“天险”、“穆桂英点将台”、“詹天佑铜像”等景点，增添了这座雄关的风采。1992年昌平区十三陵特区办事处为保护文物，对关城建筑进行了全面修复，再现了昔日的雄姿。关城附近自然景观十分壮美，早在金明昌年间(公元1190—1195年)“居庸叠翠”之名已列入“燕山八景”。

居庸关在距北京市区50余公里外的昌平县境内。相传秦始皇修长城时，将囚犯、士卒和强征来的民夫徙居于此，后取“徙居庸徒”之意，故名居庸关。 汉代沿称，此后各代仍称居庸关口这里山峦间花木郁茂葱笼，仿如碧波翠浪，故有“居庸叠翠”之称。 居庸关形势险要，自古为兵家必争之地，它有南北两个关口，南名“南口”，北称“八达岭”。居庸关两旁山势雄奇，中间有长达18公里的溪谷，俗称“关沟”。这里清流萦绕、翠峰重叠、花木郁茂、山鸟争鸣，被列为“燕京八景”之一。

居庸关长城所在的峡谷，属太行余脉军都山地，地形极为险要。早在春秋战国时代，燕国就要扼控此口，时称“居庸塞”。汉朝时，居庸关城已颇具规模。南北朝时，关城建筑又与长城连在一起。此后历唐、辽、金、元数朝，居庸峡谷都有关城之设。

居庸关长城在北京昌平县境内，距北京市区60公里，是长城的一个重要关口，古代北京西北的重要屏障，形势险要。然而，这个汉代关始设立的开口，历尽沧桑，残损严重，渐渐失

居庸关长城(4张)去公众的关注。历时4年、耗资上亿元的居庸关长城修复工程已竣工，居庸关长城已于1998年3月正式对游人开放。

游览居庸关主要是观赏那高六雄伟的关城和连锦起伏的垛口，以及云台精美石雕。

关城：明代居庸关有南北雨个外围关口，南边的叫南口，北边的为八达岭口(北口)，关城就设在南口北边的峡谷 (关淆)中。城设南北门，南门筑有瓮城，一条困喉通道穿入南北门。关城两旁高山耸立，重因叠蟑，林木葱郁，早在 800多年前的金代，就被列为燕京八景之一，称为「居庸叠翠」。

云台：在关城的中心，有一座雕刻精美的汉白玉石台，名为「云台」，建於元代至正五年(公元1 345年)，原是建 筑物的台基，台上先后建有过街塔、泰安寺，现仅存星座。云台的雕刻集中在券门和券洞内。券门雨侧到有金刚杵及各种兽类浮雕，正中刻有金翅鸟王;券洞内壁有四六天王浮雕及汉、藏、回、蒙、梵、西夏6种文字所到的《陀罗尼经咒》和《造塔功德记》。券顶布满曼陀罗花及小佛像，雕刻极为精致。

建筑特点

1.呈圆周封闭形建筑形式;

2.宽窄、高低变化大，最宽16.7米，最窄1.2米。东山长城比河 居庸关长城

套长城高出370米左右。墙体内侧低，外侧高，外侧叫垛口墙，内侧叫女墙或宇墙，可以有效地抗击敌人;

3.建筑结构形式多样，是整个长城建筑的精华，在清理基址时发现有花岗岩条石垒成的，有碎石块砌成的，有砖砌的，说明它的建筑年代不同;

4.军事防御范围广，周围面积50多公顷，南北券城相距约850米左右，东山顶至西山顶直线距离1150米，防御设施有南、北券城、城楼、水门、水闸、敌楼、铺房、烽隧、角楼、炮台等。长城上的敌楼、烽燧、铺房，是古代打仗时作为掩体和士兵居住的地方，共修复了25座，这些按明代规制烧的城砖，都是靠人工、牲畜往上运送材料。高大雄伟的城楼，南北各有一座，楼为三重檐歇山式绿琉璃瓦翦边，高21米，下面城台高10米。城楼是指挥作战的中心，所以建造高大。站在楼上，可以一目了然，有利于观敌情。城台下面有券门通瓮城。瓮城即大城门外的月城，用以增强城池的防御力量。

景点

券城与南北关

南关瓮城呈马蹄形，南关主城门南北走，向上有重檐歇山城楼一座，自地面计算高31.8米，瓮城西侧有瓮城城门通往关城向南的大道，在弧形瓮城城台上设有炮台，陈列着明代古灯，外墙有垛口，内侧墙低矮无垛口。作战时可将敌人诱入瓮城，主城关闭阻其入城，再放瓮城闸门，敌人就被困在瓮城里，只能束手就擒，有“瓮中捉鳖”之意，因此得名瓮城，在瓮城之中建有一座福佑关城的关王庙。北关与南关作用相同，呈长方形的瓮城上设有炮台，瓮城城门朝向北侧，北瓮城中建有北方镇守大神真武庙，庙内供有十二生肖神，水火。

古炮

资料图片在居庸关南券城和北券城城墙之上，分别陈列5门古炮。南券城陈列“大将军铁炮”2门，长1.7米，炮口口径8厘米。“竹节铁炮”3门，长1.7米，炮口口径15厘米;北券城陈列“大将军铁炮”2门，长1.77米和1.79米，炮口口径7厘米。“竹节铁炮”3门;长为1.08米、1.5米、1.7米，炮口口径为14厘米和8厘米。明代是我国古代大炮制铸和使用最兴盛时期。元朝末年，朱元璋起义，和州人焦立向他呈献十支新式武器“火铳”。用火药发射铁弹丸，当时称为“火龙枪”。明朝建立以后，专门设有兵仗军器局，研制铸造大炮。大炮被称为“神威大将军”。在军队中，设有使用大炮的军机营。京城卫戎，长城关口要冲，配备神机营。明成祖时，下令在长城沿线安置大炮。还“佛郎机”“神枪”“铁铳”等。《明史.兵志》记载，到了明代中叶，大炮的铸造工业逐于精良，制造出的“红夷大炮”长可二丈有余，重三千斤。发之洞裂石城，声震数十里。这种炮，有照门和准星用于瞄准，射程可达500多米。在修复居庸关北关城时，发掘出土石炮弹23枚，最大直径为15厘米，铁炮弹6枚，最大直径5 厘米。[1]

云台石刻

云台石刻堪称一绝，券门内两侧右壁及顶部遍刻佛像，佛像造型生动，雕刻技艺高超，六种文字的石刻经文、咒语为历史研究提供了难能可贵的资料。据专家考证，石刻造像具有典型的藏传佛教萨迦教派的特征。进入券门两壁刻四大天王像。天王身躯高大，怒目圆睁，并有厉鬼在其左右，是护持佛法，镇守国家四方的尊神。据说明朝正德年间，武宗皇帝朱厚燳微服出游，夜间骑马偷偷混出居庸关时，他的坐骑见到四大天王像，吓得不敢前行。无奈之下武宗下令用烟火把像熏黑了，才得以出关。

券门两壁四天王的空间处，有用梵、藏、八思巴、畏兀儿、西夏、汉等六种文字镌刻的《如来心经》经文、咒语、造塔功德记等，西夏文是纪录我国古代党项族语言的文字，创制于公元1036—1038年间，当时约有六千多字流行。八思巴文是元世祖忽然必烈命其帝师八思巴创立的蒙古新字。它脱胎于藏文，采用拼音的方式书写，并于公元1269年颁诏推行。以上两种文字流传时间很短便废弃不用，而保存下来的石刻文字对破译古代文字，以及研究西夏、蒙古历史都提供了非常珍贵的实物资料。

居庸关

居庸关券门顶部刻有五个曼荼罗，即五组圆形图案式佛像，佛界称其为坛场。坛场的设立有保护众佛修炼铁，防止魔众侵犯的意思。五曼荼罗的主尊佛像，由北往南依次为： 释迦牟尼佛(如来佛)、阿弥陀佛(菩萨形)、阿佛(菩萨形)、金刚手菩萨、普明菩萨。其中除释迦牟尼为佛祖之外，其他四菩萨在此显现，则有四方教主的意思。五曼荼罗连同其他佛像，共197尊。

券顶两侧的斜面上，刻有十方佛，在每方佛的周围还分别刻有小佛102座，共计小佛1020座，取共千佛之意。这些小佛，是明朝正统年间，修建泰安寺(1443—1449年)时，由镇守永宁(今延庆县境)的太监谷春主持补刻的。连同十方佛下的菩萨、比丘，券项两侧部共有刻像1060尊。

券门的南北券面上，雕刻着造型独特、别具一格的一组造像，其中有大鹏、鲸鱼、龙子、童男、兽王、象王等等，佛界称其为“六拿具”。大鹏寓意慈悲鲸鱼为保护之相，龙子表示救护之意，童男骑在兽王上自然是寓意福资在天，而象王则有温驯善师的含意，券面最下端的石刻纹饰为交杵,又称羯魔杵、金刚杵。原本为古印度的一种兵器，在此为断烦恼、伏恶魔，护持佛法的法器。鉴于云台刻石造像的历史与文物价值，1961年，经国务院批准，云台刻石造像被列为第一批全国重点保护文物。

真武庙(1996年修复)

明洪熙元年(1420xx年)建。真武庙所祀主神为真武大帝。真武即玄武，是中国古代神话中的北方之神，道教所奉的神。相传古净乐国王的太子，生而神猛，越东海来游，遇天神授宝剑，入湖北武当山修炼，经42年而功成，白日飞升，威镇北方，号玄武君，宋代皇帝因避其祖赵玄朗名讳，改玄武为“真武”。宋真宗时尊为“镇天真武灵应圣帝君”，简称“真武帝君”。元朝时加封真武为“元圣仁威玄天上帝”，成为北方最高神。明代对真武信仰达到鼎盛。朱棣称帝后，特加封真武为“北极镇天真武玄天上帝”，并将其所谓修炼之地——武当山赐名“大岳太和山”。相传，洪武初大将军徐达北征“屡有真武灵助之”，因而在关内修建此庙。修复的庙内有道教真武神八大元帅、六丁六甲神将、水火二将和青龙、白虎等神像。

城隍庙

这组庙宇规模较大。城隍是道教所传守护城池的神。中国古代称有水的城堑为“池”，无水的城堑为“隍”。据说三千多年前的周代，除夕要祭祀八种神，其中就有城神、隍神。以后两神合二为一，就成为城池之神了。道教认为城隍是剪恶除凶、护城安民之神，能应人之求，旱时降雨，涝时转晴，以保五谷丰登，百姓安泰。

最早是三国东吴时，在安徽芜湖建城隍神庙，以供拜祭。到了唐代，祭祀城隍逐渐普遍，人们把一些在地方有功的开明人士死后奉为城隍神，希望他能继续福佑乡土，保护百姓。宋代祭祀城隍更是遍行各乡。到了明朝，明太祖元璋即位不久，就下令在都城南京修建规模宏大的城隍庙，并颁布城隍神的封号爵级，敕封京城城隍为帝，开封临濠等地的城隍为王;府级城隍为威灵公，官居二品，州级城隍为显佑伯，官居四品，并按照级别，配制服饰。另外，城隍还管领亡魂。朱元璋还为城隍组织了一套机构，设有判官和衙役，道教乘机声称“城隍老爷”有权拘捕活人到阴间，死人的阴魂也都首先到城隍庙去接受审问。新官上任必须斋戒沐浴去祭祀城隍庙后，方得进衙理事，每月初一、十五还得前往祭拜。

朱元璋如此重视城隍神是有他的目的的。朱元璋曾对大学士宋濂透露过心里话：“朕立城隍神，使人知畏，人有所畏，则不敢妄为”。说穿了，大肆鼓吹神鬼的威力，不过是震慑臣民，目的是巩固封建统治。居庸关的城隍庙建于明洪武年间(1368-1397年)。清代乾隆三十年(1765年)重修。在这里建置城隍庙除为了护佑关城外，还有约束军民的用意。这次修复是1996年，庙内塑有城隍、阎王、山神、地神等神像。

水门

居庸关地形险要两侧高山，中间一水，水道，南北方向贯穿关城。长城与河道交叉之处，建有双孔圆拱水门，水门上有闸楼，内设水闸，借此控制门内外水量。洪水季节打开闸口，泻洪，枯水季节，储备河水供关城使用。水门桥墩为南北尖状，以利于减少洪水对水门的作用力，起到了防止毁坏，延长使用时间的作用。

介绍北京导游词 篇11

各位团友:

大家好!欢迎大家参加旅行社组织的北京之旅，我是旅行社的导游员我姓*，大家叫我小*就可以了。在我身边这一位呢是我们这次旅途中最为劳苦功高的一位，我们的*师傅，有着多年的驾龄，综合的说我们的*师傅可称的上是"三好"师傅--驾驶技术好，脾气好，长的也好!由陈师傅为我们行车大家可以放心。在此，我们于以热烈的掌声多谢我们的*师傅。俗话说："有朋自远方来不亦乐乎!”我和司机师傅能有缘分前来接待大家，并能有机会为全团服务感到非常高兴!对各位远到来来北京旅游观光和休闲度假，我们代表旅行社表示热烈欢迎!

在接下来的几天里将我陪同大家一起游览美丽的北京，希望在这短暂的时间里大家可以通过我的讲解走进北京，了解北京.在行车路途中为避免意外发生，请大家不要把您的头，手，肘伸出窗外，在游览的路途中旅游车就是我们第二个家，请大家注意一下我们车上的卫生，如果您有什么要求可以直接告诉我!我会全力的为您服务.希望大家在这几天里可以玩的开心，住的舒心，吃的顺心。

朋友们，我们面前的这条街就北京最古老的街区之一南锣鼓巷。

南锣鼓巷南北走向，长约800米，东西各有8条胡同整齐排列着，从南向北，西面的8条胡同是福祥胡同、蓑衣胡同、雨儿胡同、帽儿胡同、景阳胡同、沙井胡同、黑芝麻胡同、前鼓楼苑胡同;东边的8条胡同是炒豆胡同、板厂胡同、东棉花胡同、北兵马司胡同、秦老胡同、前圆恩寺胡同、后圆恩寺胡同、菊儿胡同。这些胡同在元朝时没有名称，名称是明朝以后逐渐演变来的。比如菊儿胡同，明代叫局儿胡同，后来改称橘儿胡同，清代宣统时才称菊儿胡同，后延续至今。整个街区犹如一条大蜈蚣，所以又称蜈蚣街。

近几年，成为许多时尚杂志报道的热点，不少电视剧在这里取景拍摄，许多国外旅行者把其列为在北京的必游景点。其实，明清以来，这里一直是“富人区”，居住过许多达官贵人、社会名流，从明朝将军到清朝王爷，从北洋政府总统到总裁，从文学大师到画坛巨匠，这里的每一条胡同都留下历史的痕迹。

有人说三里屯酒吧街是彩色的，什刹海酒吧街是暗红色的，而南锣鼓巷酒吧街是翠绿色的。这样的评说可能不仅是指自然的色彩，或许还指向其不同的文化内涵吧。这里的每一条胡同都有丰厚的文化积淀，每一个宅院里都诉说着老故事。

现在大家请跟我进入进南锣鼓巷南口东面的第一条胡同，是炒豆胡同。炒豆胡同西口不远77号门旁，标有东城区重点文物保护单位的牌子，上写“僧王府”。僧王府是清代僧格林沁的王府。僧格林沁是蒙古科尔沁旗人，1820xx年袭封科尔沁郡王，1855年晋封亲王。他能征善战，但在历史上却是个毁誉参半的人物。1859年在大沽海战中他督军奋战，大败英法联军。1863年后又受命剿捻，在山东、河南、安徽镇压捻军。1865年5月，率部在山东曹州与捻军激战中阵亡。死后，其子伯彦诺谟诂承袭亲王爵，因而这一带的老住户，还称这所府址为“伯王府”，伯王曾任御前大臣，做过光绪的“谙达”(老师)，教光绪骑射。

原僧王府规模很大，前门在炒豆胡同，后门在板厂胡同，纵跨两个胡同。王府分中、东、西三路，各有四进。其中东路除正院外，还有东院四进，组成一个很大的建筑群。

民国后，府第被亲王的后代逐渐拍卖，被分成了许多院落。现在的炒豆胡同71号至77号(单号)，板厂胡同30号至34号(双号)，都是原王府的范围。

炒豆胡同西口,是僧格林沁家的祠堂，也是一组很大的建筑。祠堂和王府建在一条胡同，在清朝是不多见的。现在这里被改建为“侣松园宾馆”。像这样幽静秀雅、古香古色的四合院宾馆，在北京也是不多见的。

大家顺着南锣鼓巷跟着我再往北走，东边的第三条胡同是东棉花胡同。进口不远路北就是中外闻名的中央戏剧学院。作为我国学习舞台和影视表演的顶级学府，其占地面积真不算大，包括实验剧场，只占东棉花胡同和北兵马司胡同之间西部的一部分。但是，庙不在大，有神则灵。这里培养了我国一代代的话剧与影视明星。陈宝国、陈道明、姜文、巩俐、章子怡……都曾在这里学习生活。

这里原是靳云鹏旧宅。说到这里大家一定好奇靳云鹏是何许人?靳云鹏(1877-1951)，早年毕业于北洋武备学堂，在云南任清军19镇总参议。后受袁世凯信任，任山东都督。1920xx年后任段祺瑞政府陆军总长、代理国务总理。

靳云鹏买下这里后，拆除了部分四合院，建了几座西式楼房。1920xx年年底，靳云鹏辞职后，长期在天津居住。上世纪60年代，院里仍有几处旧楼，当时作为办公楼和单身教师宿舍。又过去了40年，旧建筑已全部拆除，靳宅早已无迹可觅。

请大家看我手指得方向就是雨儿胡同，这里曾住过我国一位画坛巨匠———国画大师齐白石。您进胡同不远，就能看到路北13号院门旁挂着“北京市美术家协会”的牌子。院子很宽敞，保护得很完好，院中央还摆着大鱼缸。这里没有重新粉刷，透出老宅门的原汁原味。这里原是清内务府一个总管大臣的私宅，因为建筑时私用了皇宫的料，建制又超越了等级，因而被参劾，宅子也被分成几部分出售，13号院只是一部分。解放后，文化部买下来，由齐白石老先生居住。但老先生住了没多久，就搬到西城跨车胡同，所以，现在齐白石的故居多指跨车胡同。

出雨儿胡同，沿着南锣鼓巷，继续往北走。路西就是帽儿胡同。如果说南锣鼓巷是北京街道中尊贵得王冠那么帽儿胡同就是这王冠上最闪亮得宝石。如果大家有什么质疑请跟随我一步步了解这璀璨得宝石。

路北7号至15号院，原是一组大建筑群，是清末大学士文煜的住宅和花园。五院并联，占地达11000平方米。宅院得主人是清满洲正蓝旗人，曾历任四川按察使、山东巡抚、直隶总督等要职，光绪XX年拜武英殿大学士。他积累了大量的财富，精心修筑了自己的住宅和花园。花园落成于1861年，名“可园”，约占地4亩，虽然不很大，但疏朗有致，被认为是晚清北京私家园林中最有艺术价值的花园。

现已被列入国家级重点文物保护单位，但一直没有对外开放。如果大家想欣赏一下其“庐山真面目”，那么我将带大家参观千古一贪——和珅的恭王府花园。

再往西走，路北35号、37号院，是郭博勒氏的家。说郭博勒氏可能知道的人不多，但说到末代皇帝溥仪得正宫皇后婉容大家一定不会陌生吧!用清代的说法，应称为“后邸”。宣统大婚时，已是民国XX年，但还是履行民国初年所颁布的优待清皇室条件，所以对这所“后邸”花了许多钱，大加修缮。婉容的父亲荣源，由于女儿“册后”，后父按礼制被封为“三等承恩公”，这所府邸又成为承恩公府，更要大加改建，以合乎府第规格。比如将原来一间的院门，改为三间的府门，内外影壁、左右屏门都重新修建。

出了帽儿胡同再往北，路东是秦老胡同。秦老胡同35号，也是一座精美的宅院，曾是清内务府总管大臣索家的府邸。院落不是很大，但十分精致。他的书房前有一小花园，名绮园。园内有叠石假山、游廊池榭，还有一个船形敞轩，虽小巧却意境深邃，颇有江南园林的意境。站在大门前，仅门楼上的砖雕，已让我赞叹不已，雕工极为精美，保存又十分完好，真是不可多得的砖雕珍品。

现在大家看到得是茅盾故居。和这一地区的许多深宅大院相比，茅盾故居是太普通，是一座不大的两进四合院。进入故居后大家可以看到，院子中矗立着茅盾先生的半身塑像。周围的房间是茅盾生平展览。后院的卧室、起居室、书房等，还按照先生生前的样子布置。茅盾解放后一直住在东四头条203号文化部宿舍，与周扬、阳翰笙等为邻，1974年搬到后圆恩寺，直到病逝，在这个小院中度过了他最后7年的岁月。

出了茅盾故居再往东走，隔不多几个门，看到一个很大的院落，是圆恩寺胡同7号。这里原是清代庆亲王次子的府邸，建筑为中西合璧式，既有四合院，又有西洋楼房，还有很大的花园。园中有西式拱形圆亭、喷泉，又有来自圆明园的刻石，同样是中西合璧。这所宅子也是几易其主，民国时曾卖给法国人，抗战胜利后，成为行辕，来北平即下榻于此。解放后，此处曾先后成为中共中央华北局办公处、南斯拉夫大使馆、中国人民对外友好协会等，现在是友好宾馆。

现在进入大家眼帘的是菊儿胡同。说他名扬中外，是因为建筑大师吴良镛主持设计的菊儿胡同危房改造工程，1992年被亚洲建筑协会授予“亚洲建筑金奖”，1993年又被授予“世界人居奖”。

在胡同中部，北边有一片2至3层的楼房，黑瓦白墙，围合成一个个小院落，既有江南民居的秀丽，又有老北京四合院的神韵，和周围的建筑风格也十分协调，这就是改造后的菊儿胡同新四合院。吴良镛教授根据“有机更新”的城市规划理论，认为旧城改造，要保留好的和有历史价值的建筑，修缮虽已破旧但尚可利用的建筑，拆除破旧危房，逐步过渡，既保留历史文脉的延续，又形成有机的整体环境。这些新四合院兼有单元式公寓楼房私密性强，和院落式住宅邻里感强的双重特点，他与旧的胡同格局有机地统一起来，保护了古都风貌，是北京旧城改造的一个成功的探索。

菊儿胡同东口，现在的3号、5号、7号和寿比胡同6号，原是清代直隶总督荣禄的宅邸是清代直隶总督、兵部尚书荣禄的宅邸。原宅很大，分为三部分，西部是西式楼房，中为花园，东部为五进的中式四合院。此宅，解放后一部分曾作为阿富汗大使馆，后又被划为几部分，改为职工宿舍，格局已被破坏，保护状况较差。

好了今天得游览就到这里了，希望大家对我得讲解满意。如果大家还有什么问题或是要求清香我提出，我会以一位合格的导游员身份为大家解决难题。

介绍北京导游词 篇12

百花山国家级自然保护区，位于北京门头沟区清水镇境内。百花山山坡海拔1800-20xx米。 百花山山体主要由于火山喷发、剥蚀形成，山势高峻挺拔，主峰百花山海拔1991米，最高峰百草畔海拔2050米，为北京市第三高峰。

百花山地形、地貌、地质条件复杂，有反映地质变迁的历史遗迹——晚更新世和全新世早期寒冷条件下形成的“古石海”、“冰缘城堡”、“冰壁岩柱”等。其环境独特，百花争艳，共分为四大景区：百花山主峰景区、百花草甸景区、望海楼景区、百草畔景区。 百花山文物古迹众多，开发历史较早，五代后期唐李克用曾在山上建寺，山顶偏东的“护国显光禅寺”记载了百花山悠久的宗教文化历史。 主要景观有 “百花草甸”、“百草山瀑布”、“万年冰肌”、“古树擎天”、“云顶日出”、“古石海”、“云海升腾”、“晚霞映翠”、“蚂蚁山”、“送树长廊”等。

百花山以花繁著称，众多的花卉植物成就了百花山的三季花香。位于顶峰附近的亚高山草甸，生长着40余种草甸植物。在山顶峰以下的天然次生林和灌草丛落里，也分布着许多花卉植物，山桃花、山杏花、暴马丁香、映红杜鹃、山荆子等，各色鲜花满山遍野、争奇斗妍，把整个百花山的春天装扮的花团锦簇、色彩斑斓。 山之巅极有千佛，观音两峰，中有龙池，多处寺庙遗址，根于峰侧山背、望海石、仙人桥、圣米石塘、大悲崖、千佛崖、万年冰诸景观，点缀成境趣佳处。百花山具有“秀逸、雄奇、幽深、瑰丽、狂狷”的特点。 游百花山，偶见“佛光”。

百花山的“佛光”一般出现在雷雨之后，东侧山涧会产生“佛光”现象。因地处显光寺，寺内又有文殊殿，故称文殊智光。有人认为，见到文殊光，就受到了文殊智光的普照，得到佛门的恩惠，增长睿智，游人在百花山就可以领受佛光之美。

介绍北京导游词 篇13

陶然亭是清代名亭，现为中国的四大历史名亭之一。

清康熙三十四年(1695年)，工部郎中江藻奉命监理黑窑厂，他在慈悲庵西部构筑了一座小亭，并取白居易诗“更待菊黄家酿熟，与君一醉一陶然”句中的“陶然”二字为亭命名。陶然亭公园以及陶然亭地区名称就是以此得名的。这座小亭颇受文人墨客的青睐，被誉为“周侯藉卉之所，右军修禊之地”，更被全国各地来京的文人视为必游之地。清代200余年间，此亭享誉经久，长盛不衰，成为都中一胜。　陶然亭面阔三间，进深一间半，面积90平方米。亭上有苏式彩绘，屋内梁栋饰有山水花鸟彩画。两根大梁上绘《彩菊》、《八仙过海》、《太白醉酒》、《刘海戏金蟾》，亭上有三大匾，一是建亭人江藻亲笔提写，一是取齐白石《西江月·重上陶然亭望西山》词，还有一块是郭沫若题“陶然亭公园”门额中字，东向门柱上悬“似闻陶令开三径，来与弥陀共一龛”。此联是林则徐书写。旧联无存，现在的楹联是由当代书法家黄苗子重书。亭间分别悬挂“慧眼光中，开半亩红莲碧沼，烟花象外，坐一堂白月清风”。现在对联是现代书法家康雍书写。“烟藏古寺无人到，榻倚深堂有月来”，此联是翁方纲所撰，光绪年间慈悲庵的主持僧静明请光绪皇帝的老师翁同龢重写。

在亭的南北墙上有四方石刻，一是江藻撰写的《陶然吟》引并跋，二是江皋撰写的《陶然亭记》，三是谭嗣同著《城南思旧铭》并序，四是《陶然亭小集》，这是王昶写的《邀同竹君编修陶然亭小集》，诗中的竹君即朱筠。此诗是王昶作于乾隆四十年左右。　陶然亭建成后，江藻常邀请一些文人墨客、同僚好友到陶然亭上饮宴、赋诗，这里变成了文人墨客“红尘中清净世界也”。故陶然亭是文人雅集的地方，因此留下的诗文很多，秋瑾、龚自珍等都曾在陶然亭上留下的诗文。

陶然亭、慈悲庵三面临湖，东与中央岛揽翠亭对景，北与窑台隔湖相望，西与精巧的云绘楼、清音阁相望。湖面轻舟荡漾，莲花朵朵，微风拂面，令人神情陶然。

陶然亭周围，有许多著名的历史胜迹。西北有龙树寺，寺内有蒹葭簃、天倪阁、看山楼、抱冰堂等建筑，名流常于此游憩，其知名度在清道光之后，堪与陶然亭相匹。东南有黑龙潭、龙王亭、哪吒庙、刺梅园、祖园;西南有风氏园;正北有窑台;东北有香冢、鹦鹉冢，以及近代的醉郭墓、赛金花墓等。这些历史胜迹产生年代多早于陶然亭，有的甚至早于慈悲庵。它们都有文人墨客觞咏的历史，曾现过各领风骚的辉煌时期。

近代的陶然亭，有着光辉的历史篇章。“五·四”运动前后，中国共产党的创始人和领导人李大钊、毛泽东、周恩来曾先后来陶然亭进行革命活动。1920xx年1月18日，毛泽东与“辅社”在京成员，集会商讨驱逐湖南军阀张敬尧的斗争，会后在慈悲庵山门外大槐树前合影留念。1920xx年8月16日，天津“觉悟社”、北京“少年中国学会”等进步团体，在北厅讨论“五·四”以后革命斗争的方向以及各团体联合斗争的问题。1920xx年7、8月间，李大钊通过《少年中国学会》会员陈愚生，以其夫人金绮新葬于陶然亭畔守夫人墓为名，租赁慈悲庵南房两间，在此进行秘密活动，到1920xx年间，邓中夏、恽代英、高君宇等常来参加会议。 陶然亭也曾经是高君宇与石评梅爱情的见证者，两人后来合葬于此，“冰雪情谊”流传至今!

介绍北京导游词 篇14

大家好，我是你们的导游，我姓张，你们叫我张导就行了。我们要去的地方就是闻名天下的建筑—颐和园。

大家请随我来，此刻我们绕过大殿，我们站的地方就是赫赫有名的长廊。横槛上有许许多多的画。画有鸟兽虫鱼、花草树木、景物，当然还有我们人类。你们相信吗一万多幅画，没有哪两幅是相同的。横槛上还画着许多故事。

走完长廊，我们就来到万寿山的脚下。抬头一看，一座八角宝塔形的三层建筑耸立在半山腰上。一排排金碧辉煌的宫殿，就是排云殿。

大家往前看，看那一片湖，那就是昆明湖。这篇湖静的相面镜子，绿的像块碧玉。大家就应能够听到游船上的那些游客的欢声笑语

在昆明湖的上面，就是万寿山。站在那里，我们能够看见颐和园的所有景色。

大家快快跟我来看看这美丽的石桥，这个石桥有十七个洞，中间的最大。这桥叫十七孔桥。而且上面都雕刻这栩栩如上，姿态不一，活灵活现的小狮子，这些小狮子，没有那两只的姿态是相同的。

颐和园到处都有美丽的景色。但是这天的旅游到此结束，期望大家能够下次再来，我随时愿意在当大家的导游。

介绍北京导游词 篇15

各位游客大家好，今日就由我来带领咱们一起旅游这个清代的皇家园林——颐和园。希望大家在这里度过一段美好的时光。

我们现在前往的是颐和园，运用这一段时间，我向大家简略的介绍一下颐和园的历史以及现在的情况。

最早在辽金年代的时期，皇帝就已经开始在北京修建皇家园林了。当时在今日的万寿山昆明湖一带修建了金山行宫，将这儿称为金山、金山泊。到了元朝，有将这改名为翁山、翁山泊。而明代前期则改称西湖并修建了园静寺，命名为好山园。到了万历十六年，也即是1588年，这儿已经具有一定的园林规划，享有“十里青山行画里，双飞白鸟似江南”的称赞。可是让这儿真实变成一处皇家园林的是清代。在康熙年间就曾在此修建行宫，到了乾隆十四年到二十九年，也即是1749~1764年，就在本来的基础上修建了清漪园，扩湖，推山，将湖称为昆明湖，山叫做万寿山。并且这儿还成了闻名的三山五园之一。和中国古代的大多数皇家修建相同，这儿也没能躲过侵略者的蹂躏，在1860年，这儿被英法联军抢掠并且焚毁了。过了一些年，慈禧太后挪用了水兵经费对这儿进行了重建，并且光绪皇帝下昭将这儿改名为颐和园。可是在1920_年的时，颐和园又再次遭到了八国联军(俄英法德意日美奥)的严重损坏。从此之后对这儿所进行的重修，由于财力缺乏，至今后山有些长时间都没有修正。到了1920_年，按照清史的优待条件，颐和园仍然把握在逊帝溥仪手中。过了两年，这儿曾作为他的私家产业一度敞开，可是由于交通不便票价贵重等缘由，没什么人来。在1920_年溥仪被逐出颐和园后，北洋政府将这儿正式改为对外敞开的公园。1948年12月，人民政府承受这儿后，经过综合治理，仍然坚持着其皇家园林的相貌。并且这儿还变成了世界上造景丰厚、修建会集、保管最完好的皇家园林。

咱们一行所看到的颐和园共占地290公顷，其间陆地四分之一，水面到达了四分之三。依据皇家园林建园的用途和特征，可将颐和园景区分为政治活动区，帝后日子区和风景旅游区三个。

来到了东宫门，咱们本次的旅游也就正式开端了。

在东宫门外，有一座“涵虚”、“罨秀”的牌楼。其间涵虚的意思是六合开阔，山明水秀，一应俱全。罨(yǎn)秀是有捕捉秀丽风景之意。而东宫门也是颐和园的正门。门上高悬的颐和园的匾额即是光绪皇帝的手书。颐和二字则取颐养精神、心境平缓的意思。

进入东宫门，咱们首先来到的即是颐和园的政治活动区。南侧对称摆放着南北九卿房，是清朝九卿六部值勤的地方。在往前走，便来到了仁寿门，迎面看到的这五块太湖石叫作峰虚五老，寓意长命。而在汉白玉须弥座上的这只铜制怪兽，人称麒麟，俗称四不象，是龙九子之一，标志吉利富有。在殿前还摆设有两对龙凤外型的铜香炉，在朝里活动中是用来点香，烘托气氛的。按古代礼制，龙居中，标志皇帝，凤在两边，标志皇后。而在这儿，却是龙在两边，这与清朝末年慈禧太后垂帘听政不无关系，突出了凤的位置。

咱们面前这座雄伟的建筑即是仁寿殿。其实在乾隆年间的时候，规则但凡当朝的大殿就要叫做“勤政殿”，意思是游园不要忘了勤理政务。到了颐和园的时，便将这儿改为仁寿殿，取自孔子论语中的“仁者寿”，意思是施仁政的人能够长命。如今，仁寿殿的摆设和原状是基本相同的。殿内的地平床上有九龙宝座。它后边还设有紫檀木九龙屏风，屏风以紫檀木为布局，雕有九条闹龙，中间是玻璃镜，镜面上写有226个不一样写法的寿字。在宝座邻近，还设有掌扇，角端等。其间角端是传说中异兽，实践用途其实即是香炉。而殿内两边的暖阁，是慈禧光绪还有王宫大臣歇息的地方，旁边有一幅百蝠图的缂丝工艺品，中间还有一个慈禧亲笔写的寿字，由于蝠与福同音，所以这幅工艺品也被称为百福捧寿。这个玻璃风景台屏是用翠鸟的茸毛粘制而成的，咱们能够看到，这个乾隆年间的著作尽管历经二百多年可是仍是颜色照旧。

穿过仁寿殿咱们就来到了当年光绪皇帝和慈禧太后看戏的场所——德和园，取自左传“正人听之以平其心，心平德和”，意思是听了美好的曲子，就会心绪平和，到达品德崇高的境地。德和园的大戏楼是清代三大戏楼中最大的，布局谨慎，十分的壮丽，高21米，低台宽17米，分为三层，自上而下分别是福台，禄台和寿台。在寿台地板上还有一口深井，四眼干土井。各层地板都能够开合。在敞开时，天井和地井交流，顶部有绞车牵引，能够使剧中的神仙鬼怪在舞台上天入地，寿台下面的井还能够起到声响共识的效果，使艺人声响愈加洪亮，水井还能够用于扮演龙口喷水等景象。除此之外，还设有扮戏楼，共艺人化装用的。如今咱们所看到的展现戏装，摆设慈禧的奔驰车的地方即是其时的扮戏楼。

在戏台的对面，是颐乐殿以及东西侧的廊子，这儿即是当时帝后和王宫大臣们看戏的地方。殿内正中设有金漆搪瓷百鸟朝凤宝座，是慈禧受贺时用的，凤为百鸟之王，把这个屏风放在颐乐殿，暗喻了慈禧太后的威望。当年王宫大臣看戏的廊房如今现已被开辟为颐和园文物展览室，东侧是慈禧太后的服饰以及日用品，西侧则是制造精巧的工艺品。

在中国古代，有首诗从前写到“山重水覆疑无路，柳暗花明又一村”。咱们如今来到的仁寿殿后的假山中，便能领会其间的意义。这儿运用了中国造园艺术中的抑景法。开始，这儿如同现在这样没有路能够走了，可是跟着不断的往前走，恍然大悟，在咱们前面有呈现了一碧千倾的昆明湖。

昆明湖本来是一个由泉流会聚而成的湖泊，叫西海，面积还没有如今的一半大。到了乾隆年间修建园林的时，将这儿进行了改造，形成了今日的湖泊，而这儿为何叫做昆明湖呢?这是由于在距今20_多年的西汉时期，云南滇池有个小国叫做昆明国，汉武帝为讨伐那里，在首都长安开凿了一个仿滇池的昆明池，练习水军。乾隆皇帝依据这个典故，将西海改为昆明湖，并仿效汉武帝在这儿演习水师，这即是昆明湖称号的由来。而当时改建昆明湖所挖出的淤泥全都堆在了翁山，使本来的小土丘增高和拓展了不少，乾隆皇帝在为妈妈祝寿的时分，在山上园静寺的遗址上兴建了大回报延寿寺，并将翁山赐名万寿山，取意长命。在不远处有一个小岛上种的全都是桃柳，上边有一个亭子叫做知春亭，古人云：“竹外桃花三两只，春江水暖鸭先知”，每年春天来到的时分，这儿即是颐和园中最早报春的地方。

咱们看到这组建筑特别、环境幽雅的四合院叫做玉澜堂，出自晋代诗人陆机：“玉泉涌微澜”的诗句，这儿是光绪皇帝来颐和园是寓居的地方。已经说到了这儿了，就有必要提及一下戊戌变法。爱新觉罗·载湉是清朝的第九个皇帝，也就是慈禧的侄子，光绪皇帝。同治皇帝死了之后，慈禧太后为了能够继续掌权，所以就让四岁的载湉当皇帝，而她则再度垂帘听政。到了光绪19岁亲政今后，宫殿内保守派和维新派在政治上起了抵触。1898年，维新派代表人物康有为，梁启超，谭嗣同等人经光绪皇帝实施变法，史称“戊戌变法”，由于这次变法运动只继续了103天，就被以慈禧太后位代表的保守派所摧残，所以也叫“百日维新”。变法失利后，光绪被幽禁在了南海的瀛台岛上，每年慈禧来到颐和园，他也一起前来，住在玉澜堂。为了操控光绪的一举一动，慈禧太后命人在玉澜堂周围修筑了不少砖墙，门口还有宦官看守，此刻的玉澜堂如同一个与世隔绝的地方，不过到了如今，本来的砖墙现已基本拆除了，基本上恢复了曾经的相貌，玉澜堂东西配殿内的砖墙仍然坚持本来的姿态，作为有关变法的遗址供游人欣赏。在玉澜堂殿内有乾隆时制造的地平床，宝座，屏风，香几等等，东暖阁是光绪的早餐室，西暖阁即是睡房，殿外东侧是书房，西侧是洗手间，澡堂以及更衣的地方。殿内的御案是紫檀木布局，以沉香木为中间，做工十分精巧。围屏是用两层玻璃组成的，上边既有中国山水画，也有西洋的风景画，颜料是用天然宝石研磨而成的，至今颜色仍然美丽。前层玻璃的反面画有前景和中景，后层玻璃的正面有中景和前景，两层之间相隔一段距离，立体感极强。而殿中“复殿留景”的匾额意思即是深宫中住着圣明之君的意思。

在玉澜堂的后边即是宜芸馆，宜芸是适于藏书的地方。正殿即是光绪的皇后隆裕住的地方，西配殿从前是光绪宠爱的妃子珍妃的居处。在戊戌变法失利后，慈禧指令隆裕皇后住到石丈亭北西四所的榜首所，让珍妃住到第二所，这之后，光绪皇帝想见到自个的内助都很困难了。

出了宜芸馆，咱们就来到了乐寿堂。乐寿是出自《论语》中“智者乐，仁者寿”，意思是说，这儿是仁者智者寓居的地方。乾隆年间，这儿是乾隆妈妈纽钴禄氏住的地方，光绪年间，慈禧太后就住在这儿。

经过了水木自亲，就是乐寿堂的正门，咱们也就进入了院子。能够看到在院子中摆设了许多的东西。铜鹿、铜鹤、铜花瓶，分别借鹿、鹤、瓶的谐音，取意“六合和平”，意思是天下和平。园内还栽培有玉兰、海棠、牡丹，取意“玉堂富有”。中间的这块太湖石，由于形状像灵芝，所以叫做“青芝岫”。其实它还有个姓名叫做败家石，这是由于在明朝有自己十分喜爱石头的人叫米万钟，在房山看中了这块石头，要将它放入海淀的勺园旁边，可是由于种.种不利因素，推托说耗尽财力，将它丢在了路旁边，后来，乾隆皇帝从清西陵回来京城的途中看到了这块石头，便将它运到乐寿堂。在乐寿堂殿内有以玻璃镜子为中间的紫檀木屏风，上边还镶嵌有贝雕饰物。镏金九桃大熏炉是用来燃烧檀香的，起到调理室内空气的效果。桌子上的两个青花大瓷盘是清代青花瓷的代表作，用来盛放生果供慈禧欣赏和闻香气。在殿内东西两边还有百鸟朝凤，孔雀开屏两副坐屏，都是粤绣精品。殿顶悬挂的彩色玻璃吊灯，是1920_年从德国进口的，它是中国前期的电灯之一，发电机安装在文昌阁附近。在慈禧太后吃点心和品茶的时分，还能够欣赏鱼桌，它是以金星紫檀木坐布局，镶有玻璃台面，桌子里面还镶嵌着用宝贵资料镂空雕琢的山水人物和亭台楼阁，密封性杰出，能够养金鱼。殿内“慈晖懿祉”的匾额意思是：受母后之深恩，托母后之洪福。

乐寿堂的西跨院叫扬仁风，院子内的建筑极具江南园林特征。在园内北面的正中山坡上，有扇面形状的“扇面殿”，殿前地上运用汉白玉砌成的扇骨、山轴，整座殿堂如同一把翻开的折扇。

从这儿出来，咱们就走上了衔接万寿山与昆明湖的长廊。它东起邀月门，西止石丈亭，全长728米，共273间。由于长廊的地基是跟着万寿山地形凹凸而崎岖的，所以廊身的走向是以昆明湖北岸的曲折而改变的，在地形凹凸和变向的衔接点上，还建有四个亭子代表春夏秋冬，分别是留佳、寄澜、秋水和清遥，规划十分的奇妙。长廊是中国园林中最长的游廊，也有画廊之称。这是由于在廊中共有苏式彩绘1.4万多幅，并且很少重复。其间有关于西湖风景的546幅，是乾隆十五年缔造长廊时，命人到杭州描摹回来画上的。人物画多采用了中国古典文学名著，比方《西游记》、《三国演义》、《红楼梦》等等，所规划的内容时间跨度十分大，从三皇五帝到清朝，上下五千年，能够说的上是中国文化史的一个缩影，在1920_年的时，这儿被《吉尼斯世界纪录大全》评为全球画廊之冠。

走出了长廊，咱们就来到了以排云点为中间的祝寿庆典区，这儿是万寿山前山最雄伟的一组建筑，构成了万寿山的中轴线。这条中轴线从临湖码头到山顶的才智海，散布有排云门、排云殿、佛香阁、众香界、才智海等主要修建。

排云殿建在乾隆年间大回报延寿寺中大雄宝殿的遗址上，是慈禧太后过生日时承受百官朝贺的地方。排云出自晋代诗人郭璞“神仙排云出，但见金银台”的诗句。在殿内，除了宝座，屏风等惯例摆设以外，还有一些烘托气氛的特别摆设，比方用中国台湾乌木雕琢的屏风，沉香木雕琢的寿字，圆镜插屏，金漆梅花树船和桦木根雕群仙祝寿。在祝寿的时候，二品以上的官员跪拜在排云门内，而三品以下者则在门外，光绪皇帝在二宫门正中跪拜，慈禧则坐在正殿内的九龙宝座上承受拜贺，可见慈禧太后当时位置之高。(“蕃厘经纬”的匾额意思是美好无边)

佛香阁、众香界和才智海是乾隆年间大回报延寿寺的一部分。

佛香阁建于乾隆二十三年，也就是1758年，在光绪十七年的时候重建，耗费了银两78万多两，是颐和园旁边花费最多的工程。它是全园建筑的中间，以8根铁梨木为支柱，支撑着41米高的三层，八面，四重檐的阁楼，艺术水准十分高，本来在这儿供奉有5米多高的金身佛像。

才智海在万寿山的最高处，建于乾隆年间，称号来自《无量寿经》中“如来才智海，身府无崖底。”意思是如来佛才智如海，佛法无边。这儿是一座用琉璃砖瓦和石料建成的两层无梁殿，本来供奉有无量寿佛，外壁上还嵌着1008尊小佛，尽管在1860年英法联军侵略的时分殿堂没有被焚毁，可是这些佛像却遭到了损坏。

好了，我的讲解就到这了，祝大家在北京玩得开心。